New: pathway guides, toolkits and state profiles for seven states. Parts are still being confirmed with agencies and reviewers, and we update them as answers arrive. Learn more

Pathways

Pathway guides for seven states

Twenty pathways, grouped into six career strands. Each guide sets out what a high school can deliver and the rules that differ by state: credentials, working with minors, who can teach and college credit.

These six strands are a way to browse, not an official career cluster framework.

Build & Make

Construction, engineering, production, and skilled trades

  • Electrical

    High school can deliver: industry credentials such as NCCER and OSHA-10, and an apprenticeship head start.

    Watch for: licenses wait until 18 plus experience.

  • Welding

    High school can deliver: welding certifications and college credit; no state welder license exists.

    Watch for: job-site welding by minors needs an approved arrangement in some states.

  • Construction and Carpentry

    High school can deliver: carpentry credentials, OSHA-10 and apprenticeship starts.

    Watch for: contractor licenses wait until 18; height work is restricted for minors.

  • HVAC/R

    High school can deliver: EPA 608 and HVAC credentials.

    Watch for: tradesman licenses, where a state has them, wait until 18.

  • Machining and Mechatronics

    High school can deliver: NIMS and automation credentials plus college credit.

    Watch for: paid shop placements need work-site arrangements for minors.

  • Engineering and Drafting

    High school can deliver: CAD certifications and, in some states, math or science credit.

    Watch for: credit rules differ by state.

Science, Health & Care

Research, health sciences, care, and human development

  • Nurse Aide / Patient Care

    High school can deliver: the full nurse aide credential in most of the seven states.

    Watch for: Hawaii lists aides on its registry only at 18; clinical sites set their own age and background-check rules.

  • Emergency Medical Technician

    High school can deliver: the course and exam preparation; in most states the license waits until 18.

    Watch for: Pennsylvania and Virginia allow certification before 18; the other five states wait.

  • Medical and Dental Assisting

    High school can deliver: national medical assisting certifications and dental assisting exams.

    Watch for: dental X-ray work needs a separate credential in several states.

  • Early Childhood Education

    High school can deliver: Child Development Associate preparation and paid aide work at 16 in several states.

    Watch for: each state sets its own staff-age and supervision rules.

Digital & Information

Computing, communication, data, and organizational systems

  • Cybersecurity and Networking

    High school can deliver: CompTIA and Cisco certifications and articulated college credit.

    Watch for: analyst jobs usually need more education after high school.

  • Programming and Computer Science

    High school can deliver: AP and industry programming credentials; computer science can count as math or science in several states.

    Watch for: developer jobs usually need a degree.

Business, Government & Law

Civic systems, law, finance, and leadership

  • Business Management and Marketing

    High school can deliver: office, accounting and marketing credentials, and in some states the personal finance credit.

    Watch for: whether a CTE course can carry personal finance credit varies by state.

  • Entrepreneurship

    High school can deliver: entrepreneurship certifications and school-based business experience.

    Watch for: state credential lists differ.

  • Law, Public Safety and Corrections

    High school can deliver: criminal justice credentials, CPR and college credit.

    Watch for: officer, corrections and security roles wait until 18 or 21.

  • Firefighting

    High school can deliver: course credentials, and Firefighter I before graduation in a few states.

    Watch for: most states hold certification until 18.

Arts, Hospitality & Human Services

Creative practice, service, learning, and community experience

  • Culinary Arts and Hospitality

    High school can deliver: food safety and ProStart credentials and college credit.

    Watch for: alcohol service ages differ by state.

  • Cosmetology

    High school can deliver: licensure hours, and the full license in a few states.

    Watch for: programs run inside a Board-licensed school; Hawaii offers exploration only.

Transportation, Agriculture & Environment

Mobility, aviation, agriculture, and place-based systems

  • Automotive Service

    High school can deliver: ASE entry-level certifications and college credit.

    Watch for: safety inspector licenses wait until 18 in several states.

  • Agriculture

    High school can deliver: plant science, animal care and other listed credentials.

    Watch for: pesticide applicator certification waits until 18.